ʻO ke apo cross-partition kahi ʻano o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā hale kiaʻi keramika. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka waikawa a me ke kūpaʻa wela. Hiki iā ia ke pale aku i ka pala o nā ʻano waikawa inorganic like ʻole, nā waikawa organik a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik koe wale nō ka waikawa hydrofluoric, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā kūlana wela kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa paha. No laila, ua ākea loa ka laulā o ka noi. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā kolamu hoʻomaloʻo, nā kolamu omo, nā hale kiaʻi hoʻoluʻu, nā hale kiaʻi holoi a me nā kolamu activator i ka ʻoihana kemika, ka ʻoihana metallurgy, ka ʻoihana kinoea lanahu, ka ʻoihana hana oxygen.