ʻO nā kānana molekala, ma ke ʻano he mau adsorbents a me nā catalysts kūpono loa, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko lākou i nā ʻoihana e like me nā petrochemicals, ka hoʻokaʻawale kinoea, a me ka hana ʻana i ka oxygen lapaʻau. Hoʻopilikino ʻia nā ʻano kānana molekala like ʻole, me ko lākou nui pore kū hoʻokahi a me nā waiwai kemika, no nā noi ʻoihana like ʻole. Hāʻawi kēia ʻatikala i kahi hoʻolauna kikoʻī i nā kānana molekala 3A, 4A, 5A, 13X (me 13X HP a me 13X APG), a me nā kānana molekala lithium, e uhi ana i kā lākou wehewehe ʻana, nā ʻano, nā noi, a me nā palena koʻikoʻi e kōkua i ka poʻe heluhelu e hoʻomaopopo piha i ka hana kūikawā o kēia mau "sieves ʻoihana."
ʻO nā kānana molekala he mau aluminosilicates crystalline me nā ʻano microporous like e koho ana i nā molekala ma muli o ka nui a me ka polarity. ʻO kā lākou ʻano kemika maʻamau:
Mx/n[(AlO2)x(SiO2)y]⋅mH2O
ma heaMhōʻike i nā cations (e laʻa, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺),nʻo ia ka valence cation, ax/yhoʻoholo i ka nui o ka pore.
Kānana Molekala 3A
Kānana molekala ʻAno A i hoʻololi ʻia me ka ion potasiuma (K⁺) me ka nui o ka pore o ~3 Å (0.3 nm).
Nā Hiʻohiʻona:
Hoʻopili wale i nā molekala wai (2.8 Å ke anawaena), koe naʻe nā molekala nui aʻe (e laʻa, ethylene, propane).
Ka ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa ikaika i ka haumia.
Nā noi:
- Ka hoʻomaloʻo hohonu ʻana o ka ethanol a me ke kinoea ʻaila wai.
- Ka maloʻo ʻana o nā mea hoʻomaʻalili.
- Ka pale ʻana i ka makū i loko o nā plastik.
4A Sieve Molekala:
Kānana molekala ʻAno A i hoʻokumu ʻia me ka ion sodium (Na⁺) me ka nui o ka puka o 4 Å (0.4 nm).
Nā hiʻohiʻona:
Hoʻopili i nā molekala liʻiliʻi e like me ka wai, methanol, ethanol, a me CO₂.Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā hana hoʻomaloʻo ʻoihana a me nā mea kūʻai aku.
Nā noi:
- Ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
- Ka palekana o ka wai no nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā ʻāpana uila.
- Mea hana holoi (hoʻomālielie i ka wai).
Kānana Molekala 5A
Kānana molekala ʻAno A i hoʻololi ʻia me ka ion calcium (Ca²⁺) me ka nui o ka pore o 5 Å (0.5 nm).
Nā hiʻohiʻona:
- Hoʻopili i nā alkanes linear (e like me, C₃H₈, n-C₄H₁₀) akā hoʻokomo ʻole i nā hydrocarbons lālā.
- Hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o isomer i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila.
Nā noi: - ʻO ka dewaxing petroleum (hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai kahe anu o ka diesel).
- Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka oxygen-naikokene (hana oxygen PSA).
- Ka desulfurization kinoea kūlohelohe (ka wehe ʻana o H₂S a me CO₂).
13X Sieve Molekala
Kānana molekala ʻano sodium X me ka nui o ka pore o 10 Å (1.0 nm) a me ka ʻilikai kiʻekiʻe.
Nā Hiʻohiʻona:
Ka mana adsorption kūikawā no nā molekala nui (e laʻa me nā mea ʻala, hydrogen sulfide).
Hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke kinoea.
Nā noi:
Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ea (hana ʻana o ka oxygen/naikokene).
Ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i ke kinoea kūlohelohe a me ka decarbonization (wehe ʻana i ka CO₂).
Ka mālama ʻana i ke kinoea ʻōpala ʻoihana (VOCs adsorption).
13X HP (Hana Kiʻekiʻe)
WehewehenaʻO ka kānana molekala 13X i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia me ka mana adsorption kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika e kuʻi ai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona:
- ʻOi aku ka nui o ka mana adsorption he 15–20% ma mua o ka 13X maʻamau.
- Kūpono no nā wahi kaomi kiʻekiʻe a me nā wahi haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe.
Nā noi: - Nā ʻāpana hoʻokaʻawale ea cryogenic.
- Hana ʻana i ke kinoea maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa, ka naikokene pae uila).
13X APG (Pae Mokulele)
ʻO ka kānana molekala 13X i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i ka mokulele me ka lepo haʻahaʻa a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe.
Nā Hiʻohiʻona:
Kūlike me nā kūlana mokulele (e laʻa, MIL-D-3464E).
Kūleʻa i ka ʻinoʻino o ke kahe kinoea, ke ola lōʻihi.
Nā noi:
Nā ʻōnaehana hoʻohele ea mokulele (hana ʻia ka oxygen ma ke keʻena).
Ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kinoea o ka mokulele.
Kānana Molekala Lithium (Li-LSX)
Kānana molekala ʻano-X i hoʻololi ʻia e ka lithium ion (Li⁺) me ka nui o ka pore o ~9 Å.
Nā hiʻohiʻona:
- Ke koho ikaika no ka adsorption naikokene (N₂), e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale pono i ka oxygen-naikokene.
- Hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana o ka oxygen me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana.
- Nā noi:
- Nā mea hoʻohuihui oxygen lapaʻau (maʻemaʻe>90% O₂).
- Ke puhi ʻana i hoʻonui ʻia i ka oxygen i loko o nā umu pahū.
- Nā ʻōnaehana kākoʻo ola i loko o nā mokukaua a me nā moku mokulele.
| ʻAno | Ka nui o nā pore | ʻAno Kationa | Nā Molekula Hoʻopili Nui | Noi |
| 3X | 3 | K⁺ | H₂O | Ka maloʻo ʻana o ka ethanol, ka maloʻo ʻana o ka LPG |
| 4X | 4 | ʻAe⁺ | H₂O, CO₂, CH₃OH | Hoʻomaloʻo ea, nā mea holoi |
| 5X | 5 | Ca²⁺ | nā n-alkane, H₂S | Ka hoʻohemo ʻana i ka ʻaila, PSA O₂ |
| 13X | 10 | ʻAe⁺ | CO₂, H₂S, nā mea ʻala | Hoʻomaʻemaʻe kinoea kūlohelohe, hoʻokaʻawale ea |
| 13X HP | 10 | Na⁺ (i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia) | Nā molekala kinoea nui | Hana ʻana i ke kinoea maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe |
| 13X APG | 10 | Na⁺ (lepo haʻahaʻa) | Hoʻomaʻemaʻe kinoea mokulele | Nā ʻōnaehana oxygen mokulele |
| Li-LSX | 9 | Li⁺ | N₂ (makemake nui ʻia) | Nā mea hoʻohuihui oxygen lapaʻau |
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻApelila-03-2025