
Apo mini cascade palakikoHana ʻia ia mai nā palakiko kūpaʻa i ka wela a me ka kemika kūpaʻa i ka palaho, me ka polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polypropylene i hoʻoikaika ʻia (RPP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl chloride chloridized (CPVC) a me ka polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
Hoʻopili ka ʻūpā apo ʻanuʻu i nā pono o ke apo pōkole Raschig (Raschig) a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke apo Pall. ʻO ka lakio kiʻekiʻe-a-diameter o ke apo he 1:2, a ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi flange tapered ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, a laila e hōʻemi ana i ke kū'ē ʻana o ke kinoea e hele ana ma o ka moena a hoʻonui i ke kahe. Ikaika ʻūpā kiʻekiʻe. Ma muli o kona mau ʻano hoʻonohonoho, ua like ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ke kinoea-wai, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka wahi pili o ke kinoea-wai, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka pono o ka hoʻoili nuipa
| Nā kikoʻī mm | ʻĀpana ʻIli Kūikawā m2/m3 | Lākiō Void % | Helu i hoʻopili ʻia PCS/m3 | Kaumaha i hoʻopaʻa ʻia KG/m3 | ʻO ka mea hoʻopili maloʻo m-1 |
| 16×8.9×1 | 370 | 0.85 | 299136 | 135.6 | 602.6 |
| 25×12.5×1.2 | 228 | 0.90 | 81500 | 97.8 | 312.8 |
| 38×19×1.2 | 132.5 | 0.91 | 27200 | 57.5 | 175.8 |
| 50×25×1.5 | 114.2 | 0.927 | 11600 | 44 | 143.1 |
| 76×37×2.6 | 90 | 0.929 | 3650 | 42 | 112.3 |
| 100×100×3.2 | 89 | 0.912 | 1450 | 38.5 | 117 |
| Waiwai / Mea Hana | PE | PP | RPP | PVC | CPVC | PVDF |
| Ka nui o ka nui g/cm3 | 0.94-0.96 | 0.89-0.91 | 0.93-0.94 | 1.32-1.44 | 1.50-1.54 | 1.75-1.78 |
| Mahana noi | 90 | ≤100 | ≤120 | ≤60 | ≤90 | ≤150 |
| Ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka palaho kemika | maikaʻi loa | maikaʻi loa | maikaʻi loa | maikaʻi loa | maikaʻi loa | maikaʻi loa |
| ʻAno Pūʻolo | Ka Mana Hoʻouka Pahu | Ka manawa hāʻawi | ʻInikua Kūlana Kiʻekiʻe | Nā Kūlana Uku | ||
| 20 Kauka Lapaʻau | 40 GP | 40 Keʻena Nui | ||||
| ʻEke tona | 20-24 m3 | 40 m3 | 48 m3 | I loko o 3-10 mau lā | Hāʻawi ke Kūlana Kūlana Kina i ka hōʻoia maikaʻi e like me ke noi. | T/T, L/C, Paypal, West Union |
| ʻEke palakiko | 25 m3 | 54 m3 | 68 m3 | |||
| Pahu pepa | 20 m3 | 40 m3 | 40 m3 | |||