1. Thicken apo paia hana kiekie compressive ikaika a me ka lōʻihi lawelawe ola.
2. He nui ka pore, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka mahi ʻana i nā hua bacteria maikaʻi.
3.Large surface area, maikaʻi ka wai permeability, hoʻonui i ka oxygen i loko o ka wai a hoʻonui i ka maikaʻi o ka wai.
4.Maikaʻi ka ea holo ʻana, ʻaʻohe kahe wai.